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If we do not learn from the past, we are bound to repeat the same mistakes. Spend some time looking through one of the topics in this post each day and learn about historical events.
This Day in History September 28
48 BC – Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
351 – Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
365 – Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself Roman emperor.
935 – Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
995 – Members of Slavnik's dynasty – Spytimir, Pobraslav, Porej and Caslav are murdered by Boleslaus's son, Boleslaus II the Pious.
1066 – William the Conqueror invades England: the Norman Conquest begins.
1106 – The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Muhldorf.
1448 – Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
1542 – Navigator Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho of Portugal arrives at what is now San Diego, California, United States.
1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
1779 – American Revolution: Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.
1781 – American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, during the American Revolutionary War.
1787 – The newly completed United States Constitution is voted on by the U.S. Congress to be sent to the state legislatures for approval.
1791 – France became the first European country to emancipate its Jewish population.
1844 – Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
1864 – The International Workingmen's Association was founded in London.
1867 – Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario.
1867 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.
1868 – Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
1889 – The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum with ten percent iridium, measured at the melting point of ice.
1891 – Club Atletico Penarol is founded under the name of Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club
1928 – UK passes the Dangerous Drugs Act outlawing cannabis.
1928 – Sir Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.
1939 – Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.
1939 – Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.
1941 – Major League Baseball: Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox finishes the season with a batting average of .406. He is the latest major league player to have a batting average of .400 or better.
1944 – Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Klooga, Estonia.
1958 – France ratifies a new Constitution of France; the French Fifth Republic is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new constitution on October 4. Guinea rejects the new constitution, voting for independence instead.
1961 – A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.
1962 – Paddington tram depot fire destroys 65 trams in Brisbane, Australia.
1971 – UK passes the Misuse of Drugs Act banning the medicinal use of cannabis.
1972 – Canada defeats the USSR in the eighth and final game of the ice hockey Summit Series.
1973 – ITT Building in New York City bombed to protest ITT's involvement in the September 11 1973 coup d'etat in Chile.
1975 – The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken as hostages, takes place in London.
1994 – The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in Baltic | [Post deleted by moderator Takesister // Spoiling people thread is rather childish, don't you think?]
[Player banned by moderator Takesister until 2009-10-05 05:09:20 // Please do not spoil other people's threads. Relapse again. 1 week ban] | for DeasprateDesire:
I will wait for your ban, lock this and start anew so have fun while you can. | | is this copyed from wikipedia??? | is this copyed from wikipedia???
Yeah the list is. I was planning on taking one event from the daily list and posting a full article on it but I decided to wait for the thread to be rid of the spoiler. I will update it as it was meant to be shortly. | | well you shouldnt plagiaris off other websites and make it your own, thats breaching of copyright | for Celtic:
Valid point, except that Wikipedia is Public Domain under the GNU Free Documentation License. Meaning anyone can use it. | well you shouldnt plagiaris off other websites and make it your own, thats breaching of copyright
LOL I think Takesister answered that. What is your point though? Did I do something to harm you? People are just bizarre. | for Celtic:
you're the last one to talk about plagiarism -_- | 1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Muhldorf
On the death of Emperor Henry VII two rivals claimed the crown: Ludwig of Bavaria and Frederick the Handsome of the House of Habsburg. After a double election, clashes occurred under the walls of Aesling, which was allied with the other cities in the high Neckar. Ludwig declared himself their protector, and was joined by John, King of Bohemia and by troops of the Elector of Trèves. The Swabian towns were called upon to supply contingents of foot, as were those in the Rhineland. Ludwig marched into lower Bavaria, and soon encountered Frederick on the right bank of the River Inn near the town of Mühldorf. Frederick is said to have had as many as 30,000 men including not only his own Austrian forces but also numbers of Hungarians and Cumans. Ludwig was perhaps stronger in numbers, and was eager to force a battle as Frederick’s brother, Leopold was about 18 miles away with reinforcements. Having spent the night of the 21st September at the castle of Dornberg, Ludwig decided to attack the following morning. His army was drawn up in four divisions, as was that of his adversary. Ludwig wore a blue surcoat with a white cross, and took position among his Bavarian knights. On the opposing side Frederick commanded personally while his younger brother Henry led another troop under the Austrian banner. The fact that Frederick accepted battle has puzzled many historians. It has been suggested that his retreat was cut off, or that he was overconfident and expected his brother to arrive in time. As it happened, Leopold delayed while ravaging the borders of the Lech, and never arrived to join the fighting. Matters are complicated by addition of legendary tales to rather obscure evidence. On the left wing of Ludwig’s army the Bohemian and Silesian knights of King John clashed with the Austrian and Tyrolian troops of Henry. In the combat that followed Henry was at one point thrown from his horse. As midday approached the Austrians began to push back the forces under Ludwig. It was now that the Bavarian foot were brought into action. Led, according to legend, by a native of Franconia called Siegfried Schweppermann, the burghers of Munich and a number of dismounted horsemen came upon the Austrians and cut a path into their ranks. Ludwig was only narrowly saved from capture. As the battle began to turn the Burgrave Frederick of Nuremberg, held in reserve by Ludwig and (so it is asserted) wearing Austrian colours to deceive Frederick, was launched with 500 knights against the disorganized enemy. This proved to much; the Hungarians and Cumans in the rear turned and fled. Frederick refused to flee, wishing to die with honour. A lance thrust felled his horse and he was forced to surrender to Frederick of Nuremberg. One Austrian account asserted that 500 Bohemian cavalrymen had surrendered, but broke parole to assist the Burgrave. Austrian losses are estimated to have been around 1,300. Frederick was imprisoned for three years before becoming joint emperor with Ludwig.
http://www.angelfire.com/empire/medheraldry/webpage3.html | This Day in History September 29th
522 BC – Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumata, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
480 BC – Battle of Salamis: The Greek fleet under Themistocles defeats the Persian fleet under Xerxes I.
61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
1227 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to go on crusade.
1364 – Battle of Auray: English forces defeat the French in Brittany; end of the Breton War of Succession.
1567 – The second War of Religion in France breaks out.
1567 – At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Hoorn for treason.
1650 – Henry Robinson opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters – the first historically documented dating service – in Threadneedle Street, London.
1717 – An earthquake struck Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city's architecture and making authorities consider moving the capital to a different city.
1789 – The U.S. War Department first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men.
1789 – The first U.S. Congress adjourns.
1829 – The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded.
1848 – Battle of Pakozd: Hungarian forces defeat Croats at Pakozd; the first battle of the War of Independence.
1850 – The Roman Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought.
1885 – The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.
1907 – The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral in the U.S. capital.
1911 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1916 – John D. Rockefeller becomes the first billionaire.
1918 – World War I: The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces. Bulgaria signs an armistice.
1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Ukraine: German Einsatzgruppe C starts Babi Yar massacre. According to the Einsatzgruppen Operational Situation Report No. 101, at least 33,771 Jews from Kiev and its suburbs are killed at Babi Yar on September 29 – 30, 1941.
1943 – World War II: U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice aboard the Royal Navy battleship HMS Nelson off Malta.
1949 – The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People's Republic of China.
1954 – The convention establishing CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.
1954 – Major League Baseball: Willie Mays of the then New York Giants makes "The Catch" at The Polo Grounds in Game 1 of the World Series.
1957 – 20 MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radioactive material is released in an explosion at the Soviet Mayak nuclear plant at Chelyabinsk.
1960 – Nikita Khrushchev, leader of Soviet Union, disrupts a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly with a number of angry outbursts.
1962 – Alouette 1, the first Canadian satellite, is launched.
1963 – The second period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
1963 – The University of East Anglia is established in Norwich, England.
1964 – The Argentine comic strip Mafalda is published for the first time.
1966 – The Chevrolet Camaro, originally named Panther, is introduced.
1971 – Oman joins the Arab League.
1972 – Sino-Japanese relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.
1975 – WGPR in Detroit, Michigan, becomes the world's first black-owned-and-operated television station.
1979 – Pope John Paul II became the first pope to set foot on Irish soil with his pastoral visit to the Republic of Ireland.
1982 – 1982 Chicago Tylenol murders begin when the first of seven individuals dies in metropolitan Chicago.
1988 – Space Sh | 480 BC – Battle of Salamis
After the Battle of Thermopylae, Athens was in despair. The Athenians knew that their city would surely be destroyed by the Persians. There was simply no place between the Persians and Athens where the Greeks dared to risk battle. Most of the Athenians fled to the island of Salamis where they watched their city burn and placed their trust in the fleet.
Knowing that winter would soon be arriving, Xerxes decided on a naval assault on the remaining Athenians and their naval forces stationed at Salamis. This great naval battle was fought between the Greeks and Persians in 480 BC in the narrow straight between Salamis and Attica. The Persian fleet was lessened somewhat because of a storm but it was still a vastly larger force than the Greeks. The Persians had around seven hundred ships, the Greeks around three hundred. The Spartans and other allies were encamped in the Isthmus of Corinth, awaiting the outcome of the sea battle.
Xerxes was sure of victory. He had his throne placed on a hill overlooking the sea, in part to savor his victory and in part so his commanders would know that their king was watching them.
The Greek forces were led by Themistocles, an Athenian statesman, who was responsible for devising the strategy used during the battle. However, he was not the general who carried out the plan; this was done by Eurybiades, a Spartan commander. Many of the captains of ships of Athen's allies were threatening to sail away to protect their own city states. They feared that the much larger Persian fleet would destroy them. Themistocles used a ruse to prevent them from fleeing. He sent a spy to the Persians telling them that they should come at once and block the pass so the Greeks could not escape. The Persians took the bait and sailed into the harbor. There was nothing to do now for the Greek navy but to fight!
The lighter Greek ships rowed out in a circular fashion and rammed the front of their ships into the Persian vessel . The narrow straight, the speed and maneuverability of the Greek ships and their knowledge of the waters enabled them to sink two hundred Persian ships.
Some were captured and the rest fled back to their bases in Asia Minor. King Xerxes, upon seeing this great defeat at Salamis, headed back to Persia with what was left of his navy and part of his army.
Xerxes was not done with Greece. He left behind a sizable force under the command of the Persian general Mardonius. These troops would be involved in the final of the Persian Wars, the Battle of Plataea.
http://joseph_berrigan.tripod.com/ancientbabylon/id29.html | 1399 – Henry IV is proclaimed King of England.
1744 – France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo.
1791 – The Magic Flute, the last opera composed by Mozart receives its premiere performance at Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna, Austria.
1791 – The National Constituent Assembly in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail Maximilien Robespierre and Jerome Petion as incorruptible patriots.
1813 – Battle of Barbula: Simon Bolivar defeats Santiago Bobadilla.
1860 – Britain's first tram service begins in Birkenhead, Merseyside.
1882 – The world's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States.
1888 – Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.
1895 – Madagascar becomes a French protectorate.
1901 – Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner.
1903 – The new Gresham's School is officially opened by Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood.
1906 – Real Academia Galega, Galician language biggest linguistic authority starts working in Havana.
1927 – Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a season
1931 – Start of "Die Voortrekkers" youth movement for Afrikaners in Bloemfontein, South Africa.
1935 – The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated.
1938 – At 2:00 am, Britain, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement, allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
1938 – The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations".
1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.
1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Ukraine: German Einsatzgruppe C complete Babi Yar massacre. According to the Einsatzgruppen Operational Situation Report No. 101, at least 33,771 Jews from Kiev and its suburbs are killed at Babi Yar on September 29 – 30, 1941.
1945 – Bourne End rail crash, Hertfordshire, England killed 43
1947 – The Islamic Republic of Pakistan joins the United Nations.
1947 – The World Series, featuring the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, is televised for the first time.
1949 – The Berlin Airlift ends.
1954 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Nautilus is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel.
1955 – Film icon James Dean dies in a road accident at age 24.
1962 – Mexican-American labor leader César Chávez founds the United Farm Workers.
1962 – James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying segregation.
1965 – General Suharto rises to power after an alleged coup by the Communist Party of Indonesia. In response, Suharto and his army massacre over a million Indonesians suspected of being communists.
1966 – The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana. Seretse Khama takes office as the first President.
1967 – BBC Radio 1 is launched and Tony Blackburn presents its first show; the BBC's other national radio stations also adopt numeric names.
1968 – The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time at the Boeing Everett Factory.
1970 – Jordan makes a deal with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings.
1975 – The Hughes (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.
1977 – Due to US budget cuts and dwindling power reserves, the Apollo program's ALSEP experiment packages left on the Moon are shut down.
1977 – Philippine political prisoners, Eugenio Lopez, Jr. and Sergio Osmeña III successfully escapes from Fort Bonifacio Maximum Security Prison in the Philippines.
1979 – The Hong Kong MTR commences ser | James Meredith was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, on 25th June, 1933. While attending Jackson State College (1960-62) Meredith attempted to become the first African American to gain admission to the University of Mississippi.
Twice rejected in 1961, Meredith filed a complaint with the district court on 31st May 1961. Meredith's allegations that he been denied admission because of his colour was rejected by the district court. However, on appeal, the Fifth Judicial Circuit Court reversed this ruling. By a 2 to 1 decision the judges decided that Meredith had indeed been refused admission solely because of his race and that Mississippi was maintaining a policy of educational segregation.
Meredith's admission to the University of Mississippi was opposed by state officials and students and the Attorney General, Robert Kennedy, decided to send federal marshals to protect Meredith from threats of being lynched. During riots that followed Kennedy's decision, 160 marshals were wounded (28 by gunfire) and two bystanders were killed.
Despite this opposition, Meredith continued to study at the University of Mississippi and successfully graduated in 1964. Meredith's account of this experience at the university, Three Years in Mississippi was published in 1966.
On 5th June, 1966, Meredith started a solitary March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson, to protest against racism. Soon after starting his march he was shot by sniper. When they heard the news, other civil rights campaigners, including Martin Luther King, Stokely Carmichael and Floyd McKissick, decided to continue the march in Meredith's name.
When the marchers got to Greenwood, Mississippi, Stokely Carmichael made his famous Black Power speech. Carmichael called for "black people in this country to unite, to recognize their heritage, and to build a sense of community". He also advocated that African Americans should form and lead their own organizations and urged a complete rejection of the values of American society.
After hospital treatment Meredith rejoined the March Against Fear on 25th June, 1966. The following day the marchers arrived in Jackson, Mississippi. Once again the civil rights movement had shown that it would not give in to white racism.
After his time at the University of Mississippi, Meredith continued his education at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria (1964-65) and at Columbia University (1966-68). Meredith ceased being a civil rights activist in the late 1960s and found employment as a stockbroker.
Meredith joined the Republican Party and made several attempts to be elected to Congress. He became increasingly conservative and in 1988 accused liberal whites as being "the greatest enemy" of African Americans. He also opposed economic sanctions against South Africa and making the birthday of Martin Luther King a national holiday.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmeredith.htm | Is the spartans last stand against the persians going to be featured?
I love greek myth and history! |
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